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    Phase 2 StartedNeurologyImmunotherapy

    Alzheimer's Disease; Intranasal Foralumab (Anti-CD3 mAb)

    Tiziana Life Sciences; Phase 2, U.S.

    December 17, 2025
    5 min read

    What Happened

    On December 17, 2025, Tiziana Life Sciences reported dosing of the first patient in a randomized Phase 2 U.S. trial evaluating intranasal foralumab, an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, in early Alzheimer's disease.

    source: tizianalifesciences.com

    Trial Design

    Study Arms

    Evaluates foralumab as monotherapy and in combination with anti-amyloid antibodies

    Combination Partners

    • • Lecanemab
    • • Donanemab

    Delivery Route

    Intranasal administration for direct CNS access

    source: tizianalifesciences.com

    Why It Matters

    Addressing Persistent Neuroinflammation:

    The trial builds on earlier findings suggesting intranasal foralumab may reduce neuroinflammation by modulating microglial activity, potentially addressing disease mechanisms that persist beyond amyloid clearance.

    source: tizianalifesciences.com

    While anti-amyloid therapies have shown efficacy in clearing amyloid plaques, ongoing neuroinflammation may continue to drive disease progression. Combining foralumab's immunomodulatory effects with amyloid-targeting therapies could offer a more comprehensive treatment approach for Alzheimer's patients.

    Scientific Rationale

    • Anti-CD3 mechanism: Foralumab targets CD3 on T-cells, inducing immune tolerance and reducing inflammatory responses
    • Microglial modulation: May reduce harmful microglial activation associated with Alzheimer's neurodegeneration
    • Intranasal delivery: Offers potential for direct CNS access while minimizing systemic immunosuppression

    What to Watch

    • Safety profile of intranasal anti-CD3 therapy in elderly AD patients
    • Biomarker changes in neuroinflammation markers (e.g., GFAP, NfL)
    • Synergy signals when combined with lecanemab or donanemab
    • Cognitive outcomes compared to anti-amyloid monotherapy

    Kitsa Platform Relevance

    Combination trials in Alzheimer's disease require complex patient stratification and sites experienced with anti-amyloid therapy protocols. Kitsa's platform can support:

    • Identification of early AD patients currently on or eligible for anti-amyloid therapy
    • Site matching based on amyloid imaging and infusion center capabilities
    • Streamlined screening for combination therapy eligibility criteria

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